Studying of some biological capacities of Agaricus bisporus lectins in vitro system

Author: Elene Davitashvili
Co-authors: Elene Davitashvili, Marine Koshoridze, Ketevan Menabde
Keywords: mushrooms lectins, cell viability, nitric oxide
Annotation:

To date, information has been accumulated that a number of plant lectins in the animal system induce apoptosis, a programmed cell death due to their cytotoxicity [Zh. Shi et al., 2017]. Much attention has been paid to mushroom lectins in this regard. At present, 60 fungal lectins have been identified that exhibit antitumor, mitogenic, immunomodulatory activity [Zhang W. et al., 2014]. Over the past two decades, much of information has been accumulated on anticancer properties of plant lectins, in the animal system induce apoptosis, a programmed cell death due to their cytotoxicity. Lectins have antitumor activity because they can inhibit apoptosis, induce autophagy and tumor growth. Accordingly, a new direction has been established aimed at better elaborating a programmed cell death strategy using herbal lectins as anti-tumor agents in the clinic. Our attention was drawn the Agaricus families (champagne), which is an important and widely distributed food product. The object of our study was the extract of lectins isolated from the cap and leg of edible mushroom Agaricus bisporus cultivated on Georgian peat under industrial conditions. We were interested in the biological properties of lectins isolated from cultivated mushrooms under such conditions, whether these lectins exhibit antitumor activity, such as the well-known commercial Agaricus lectin (ABL), and their susceptibility to apoptosis. The aim of our research was the study of some biological effects of lectins isolated from Agaricus bisporus fruit and cap seedlings grown on Georgian peat under industrial conditions: 1) cell viability and 2) induction of some apoptosis-related signaling molecules in model in vitro assays, including the induction of nitric oxide synthesis and the synthesis of some components of the intracellular signaling system. The effects of lactose / galactose- and N-acetyl-glucosamine-specific lectins investigated in model assays. The effect of lectins on the cell survival was studied in model experiments by MTT reduction method using the WIST1; nitric oxide was measured by the Gris method, and examined the effect of lectins on induction of the activator of mitochondrial energy metabolism enzymes AKT by immunoblotting using in vitro AKT antibodies. We calculated the amount of AKT in a computer program and calculated the optical density. According the experiments, the lectins extracted from Agaricus bisporus cultivated in condition of warm-house on Georgian peat have many different biochemical characteristics in comparision with well-known commercial Agaricus bisporus ABA/AAL agglutinin. Unlike the ABA / AAL agglutinin of Agaricus bisporus, separated lectins inhibited cell viability in the rat liver and human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro. It was demonstrated that separated lectins inhibit induction of the synthesis of the activator of mitochondrial energy metabolism enzymes - AKT (protein kinase B) in liver cells. There is a consideration that these lectins ostensibly take part in apoptosis. So, Lectins isolated from the fruit of the Georgian peat mushroom Agaricus bisporus inhibited the cell viability inhibition. The inhibiting effect of lectins on 1.induction of nitric oxide synthesis and 2.mitochondrial energy metabolism enzymes activating factor likely indicate their involvement in the apoptosis process.