Modern Immunotherapy - new paradigm in cancer treatment

Author: Ani Bilanishvili
Keywords: cancer, cancer immunology, cancer immunotherapy
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In tumor immunity, the immune system recognizes and eliminates tumor cells in order to inhibit tumor development. However, tumors can escape recognition and destruction by the immune system, thereby achieving a malignant reproduction regime. While enormous progress has been made in the field of oncology this past decade, the most striking development has been the incredible growth of the field of immunotherapy. As highlighted in this recent post, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved immunotherapeutic regimens for two dozen cancer types so far, and thousands of clinical trials are currently evaluating immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer. The field of precision medicine has also witnessed extraordinary advancements: Just this past year, the FDA approved 11 new anticancer therapeutics, and all of these are molecularly targeted agents. In the present review, several principal types of cancer immunotherapies for different types of cancera were evaluated, including immune checkpoint inhibitors, adoptive cell therapy, including CAR-T cells, and tumor vaccines.