Some groups of gall-producing invertebrate fauna of Adigeni and Aspindza (Meskheti region): taxonomy and ecology

Abnormal growths on various organs of plants, primarily on the assimilation organs, which develops according to the action of parasitic organisms, is scientifically evaluated as gall. Galls are found on a variety of plants, especially angiosperms. The organisms themselves are characterized by taxonomic diversity. It can be caused by insects, nematodes, fungi or bacteria, but galls caused by insects are the most diverse. The ability to form galls is an important and widespread behavior among insects. The ability to form a gall is a necessary form of co-interaction between two organisms. It was genetically inherited and has evolved into a broader character. Due to the similar relationship between plant and insects, coevolution is expected when the proper interaction between the gall inducing insects and the plant is determined evolutionary. This is evidenced by the fact that 133,000 species of insects are described today. Galls are a micro-habitat for insects on the one hand, and a source of food on the other. They are produced by larvae by chemical stimulation of plant tissues secreted by the oral apparats and salivary glands. The larva then develops inside the gall to complete metamorphosis-imago (adult form). Gall inducers use produced galls as a result of the plant's response in several ways: 1) as a micro-habitat or environment, 2) as food, and 3) for reproduction. Organisms in Gall are isolated and protected from harmful abiotic or biotic factors. Closed galls produced by one group of organisms also provide habitat for other organisms, inquilines and parasitoids. Inquilinism can be compared to burrow-producing animals in the soil. They have a number of commensal organisms at different levels of living organisms (prokaryotes, eukaryotes, including single-celled and multicellular). • Specifically, the object of our research is the insect class (Arthropoda: Hexapoda: Insecta). Five order of insects have the ability to develop galls. These insects include Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera, Cynipidae, and Hemiptera. • We have studied the taxonomy and ecology of some groups of invertebrates in Aspindza-Adigeni (Meskheti). The paper describes some of the Meskhetian natural conditions, flora and vegetation, and some groups of deciduous insects found in this region. • The main part of the paper deals with the invertebrate deciduous organisms on the vegetation in the Meskheti basin and their comparative analysis with the deciduous organisms of other regions.